http://repositorio.febab.org.br/files/original/18/1137/cbbd1977_doc73.pdf 5be8fb6fb71f1a14552268e5299dfff5 PDF Text Text THE AUTOMATED BILINGUAL CATALOGUING SUPPORT SYSTEM AT THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA MARY JOAN DUNN, HEAD, Library Systems Analysis Section Research and Planning Branch National Library of Canada CONTENTS I. Introduction 1. Canada's bilingual nature 2. Bilingual cataloguing support systems 3. Distinction between descriptive and access point data II. The Bibliographic and Authority Subsystems: Overview OverView 1. Chronology 2. Products and Services III. Bilingual Data Handling Handiing Capabilities 1. Bibliographic Subsystem: cataloguing policy, format, appiications applications 2. Authority Subsystem: format, appiications applications IV. Potential Products and Services 1. Authorities 2. MARC Records Distribution Service 3. Union Catalogue and shared cataloguing V. Summary and Conclusion I, 224 fe Digitalizado gentilmente por: Ll 12 13 14 �Canada was invited to participate in this conference because the National Library of Canada has implemented an automated bilingual cataloguing support system which handles bibliographic data in two languages, English and French. The system is of interest handies to those attending this conference because the countries of Latin America are at present studying the possibility of implementing a similar bilingual system to handle handie bibliographic data in Spanish and Portugese. In the next thirty minutes, I wili will discuss the bilingual data handling techniques of the National Library's automated system and I will handiing wilI describe the products and Services Products services which this system is enabling the Library to offer, or to plan to offer, in order to meet the language requirements of the bilingual Canadian library community. I am assuming that my audience has a basic knowledge of library automation, and of MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloguing) formats, their structure and their purpose. I. INTRODUCTION Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French, and the National Library of Canada, which is a federal government institution, offers products and Services services to both English and French users. In order to support many of these products and Services, Products services, the Library has developed an automated system which is designed to handie handle bilingual cataloguing data. The ability of an automated system to handle handie bibliographic information in two or more languages is essential in a country which has more than one official language. It is also becoming increasingly important internationally as the concept of Universal aiso Bibliographic Control (UBC) becomes more accepted, and as the exchange of bibliographic data between countries (and I am speaking in particular of machine-readable data) becomes a more widespread practice. What do I mean when I talk about a bilingual, or for that matter, a multilingual, cataloguing support system? Basically I am talking about (i) — a situation in which it is necessary for a library to provide bibliographic description in more than one language for one publication; and/or then, by making it possible to manipulate this data to generate products and to support Services services which meet the language requirements of a bilingual library community. II. The Bibliographic and Authority Subsystems: an OverView Overview I have made the point that in discussing the Processing processing of bilingual or multilingual bibliographic data, a distinction must be made between the descriptive data, and the 225 cm Digitalizado gentilmente por: 12 12 i3 13 14 14 �access point data. The National Library's automated system System (which is at present a batch system) actually consists of two subsystems which correspond to this distinction: a systemj bibliographic subsystem and an authority subsystem. The bibliographic subsystem is a batch system through which the National Lybrary creates complete bibliographic records in machine-readable form. Basically, cataloguing data is transcribed on worksheets, coded according to the Canadian MARC formats for monographs and seriais, serials, and then input to and processed by Computer computer to form a master file of error-free bibliographic records which can be used to generate products and to support Services. services. Each record on this master file is identified by a unique record control number. (ii) a situation in which it is necessary for a library to provide access in more than one language to a bibliographic description. Please note that I am making a distinction between descriptive data and access point data. This is really basic to the rest of the discussion. Quite different methods can be used to handie handle bilingual descriptive data, and bilingual access point data. (And by access point data, I mean authority headings; headings: name, series and subject authority headings.) In the context of automated library systems, the need to provide bilingual or multilingual access and/or description has an impact on the design of a format to carry the machine-readable data, the design of a system to process the formatted data, and the design of programs which will wili manipulate this data to provide products and services. Services. Which brings me to my specific topic — the National Library of Canada's automated, bilingual, cataloguing support system. It can serve as an illustration of various methods of dealing with bilingual bibliographic data in machine-readable form, of dealing with it in two ways: first, by facilitating the creation and storage of the data in such a way that its bilingual nature is identified; The first phase of the bibliographic subsystem which was implemented in 1972, was limited to monographs; seriais serials and government documents were included in 1975; sound recordings wilI will be included in 1978. Three main products were generated in Phase I of the bibliographic subsystem and are still stili being produced. They are: (i) Canadiana, the national bibliography; (ii) Canadian MARC (CAN/MARC) tapes; and (iii) National Library catalogue cards. A brief description of these products: (i) Canadiana, the national bibliography is a monthly printed publication which lists publications of Canadian origin or interest. In addition to material published in Canada, it includes material published in other countries if written by Canadians or if Canadian in subject (ii) Canadian MARC (CAN/MARC) tapes are produced weekly, and they contain all the machine-readable records prepared during that week for listing in Canadiana. A 226 cm 2 3 Digitalizado 4 gentilmente por: LI 12 13 14 �subscription to CAN/MARC is one of the options offered by the National Library through its MARC Records Distribution Service. (iii) National Library catalogue cards are produced biweekly for filing into the internai internal card catalogues which provide access to the National Library's classified collection. These include an author/titie author/title catalogue, an English subject heading catalogue, a French subject heading catalogue, an official catalogue and a shelf-list I am going to take a just a moment to describe the MARC Records Distribution Service, which I mentioned in connection with the CAN/MARC tapes. In the spirit of Universal Bibliographic Control, the National Library of Canada has agreements with several other national record creation agencies such as the Library of Congress and the British Library, to exchange bibliographic records. Records which the Library receives from these agencies are converted to the Canadian MARC format, stored on a source file and made available to Canadian libraries. Several Service service options are possible: one, as I have mentioned, is CAN/MARC records alone, another is a Selected Record Service. Subscribers to this option send to the National Library search requests in machine readable form (usually on punched cards or magnetic tape), and Library programs search the source file and return to the requesting library all the records which match the search requests. I have described this service Service now, because I will wili be referring to it again later when I discuss possible enhancements for the existing Library services. Services. To return to the three basic products I have described: (i) Canadiana; (ii) CAN/MARC tapes; and (iii) National Library catalogue cards. ' Each of these products presents bilingual bibliographic data to its users. Each of these presentations is different and directed to the requirements of a particular user group. I wilI will discuss these bibliographic products later in more detail with emphasis on what the differences in presentation are, and how they are provided for by the bilingual data handiing handling capability of the National Library system. Before that, a brief description of the authority subsystem. The first phase was implemented in 1975. It was limited initially to headings for Canadian federal and provincial government bodies but it has since been expanded to fall of 1976, subject headings created by the include most name headings. Since the fali Université Lavai Laval in Quebec City have aiso also been input. Basically the authority subsystem is an automated system which allows the National Library to create machine readable authority records. These records are structured according to the requirements of a Canadian MARC format for authorities. From its existing file of machine readable authority records, the National Library now produces authority lists on microfiche. I wili will aIso also describe these products later, and, as in the case of bibliographic products, with emphasis on the presentation of bilingual data. 227 cm Digitalizado gentilmente por: �III. Bilingual Data Handling Handiing Capabilities With that OverView, overview, I will wili now go into ínto more detail on how howeach each subsystem handles handies information, and how this data is then manipulated to provide a variety of bilingual Information, products and Services Products services directed towards satisfying the differing language requirements of English and French Canadian libraries. 1. The Bibliographic Subsystem To return to my definition of a bilingual cataloguing support system: it involves the provision of bibliographic description and/or access points in more than one language for one publication. It would be the ideal in Canada for the National Library to create and distribute complete bibliographic descriptions in English and French, with all access points in English and French, for all Canadian publications. At present this ideal cannot be met because of resource limitations. Instead the Library provides as much bilingual data as itcan it can within these limitations, and does this in such a way that English and French users have at least some choice of language for descriptive data and for access point data. The National Library's present bilingual cataloguing policy is a compromise based on the recommendations of the national Canadian Task Group on Cataloguing Standards, which was established in 1970 to make recommendations for the improvement of the organization and Processing processing of Canadian materiais. materials. Of particular concern to the group were the bilingual needs of the Canadian library community, and it therefore made specific language recommendations in connection with (i) descriptive data elements; (ii) name headings (including series); and (iii) subject headings. The Library's present policy also aiso covers these three categories of bibliographic data. At the same time that this policy for the bilingual content of National Library bibliographic records was being formulated, a second task group, the Canadian MARC Task Group which was established in 1971, was working on the design of a format which could carry this bilingual data in machine-readable form. Thus for each area of the bilingual cataloguing policy, there is a corresponding mechanims in the Canadian MARC formats to accomodate the requirements of the policy. (Except for these additional elements designed to support Canada's bilingual requirements, the Canadian MARC formats are similar in structure and content designation to the Library of Congress MARC forfnats, forhiats, and to the Latin American MARCAL format. There are Canadian MARC communication formats for monograph* *The format for monographs includes data elements for audio-visual material and for sound recordings. These elements wilI will also aiso be incorporated into the seriais serials format. 228 Digitalizado gentilmente por: 1^'1 12 l'3 14 �and serial bibliographic bíbliographic records and there is a draft communication format for authority records.) I am goíng going to go through each area of the bilingual cataloguing policy, describe the way in which the present CAN/MARC communication formats handle handie each requirement, and then how the bilingual data can then be manipulated to satisfy the language requirements of each of the bibliographic products generated by the National Library. The three areas of the policy, again are: (i) descriptive data elements; (ii) name headings (irKtuding (including series); and (iii) subject headings. (i) First, the descriptive data elements. The policy States states that material with text in French is catalogued in French. One bibliographic record is created for each publication. Material with text in all languages other than French is catalogued in English. Again, only one bibliographic record is crated for each publication. Material with text in English and French is catalogued both in English and in French. Two bibliographic records are created for each of these "bilingual" publications. When only one bibliographic record is created for a publication, no special bilingual format or system capabilities are needed. Both the language of the publication (fixed field 008, character positions 35-37) and the language of the bibliographic description (variable field 040, cataloguing source, subfield b) are contained in the machine-readable record. As I mentioned earlier, each single bibliographic record in the National Library's bibliographic subsystem is assigned a unique record control number. In the generation of products as well, no special capability is required. A single bibliographic entry in English or in French is listed in Canadiana, distributed on CAN/MARC tapes, and used to produce National Library catalogue cards. When two bibliographic records are created, however, as is the case for the "bilingual" publication, the situation is different. Each description is still stili considered a separate machine-readable record from the point of view of the system, but to indicate that two descriptions exist and that a user therefore can choose the language he prefers, there records are assigned the same record control number to which a language code is added (E for English, F for French). Canadiana lists both bibliographic descriptions, so that that users of the publication can choose the entry in the language they prefer. Similarly, both records are distributed on CAN/MARC tapes, and libraries receiving these records can choose, the language they prefer. This choice can often be made automatically by the receiving library's automated system, on the basis of a standard policy which States System, states that the English record must aiways always be chosen, or that the French record must always aiways be chosen. The system then simply checks the language code in the record control number and selects the appropriate record. 229 cm Digitalizado gentilmente por: �The National Library card catalogue requirements are similar to the requirements of any library which receives two "bilingual" records from a national record distribution agency and chooses only one of them for local use. When bilingual records exist for a publicátion, publication. National Library programs choose one record, according to a fixed policy, by examining particular data elements in the record, and use that record to generate cards for the Library's internal internai card catalogue. catalogue.' (If the policy States states that for works published in Quebec, or in French — speaking countries, the French description is chosen, this can be easily determined by examining the country of publicátion publication code in fixed field 008, and then choosing the E or F record as appiicable.) applicable.) That covers the treatment of bilingual descriptive data in the National Library's bibliographic subsystem: description in one language for a publicátion publication with text mainly in one language; description in two languages for so-called "bilingual" publications. The second area for discussion is: (ii) Name headings (including series) The National Library cataloguing policy states States that for all material, name headings (or name authorities, or name access points — they all mean the same thing in this paper) are supplied suppiied in both English and French, when this is applicable. appiicable. (By appiicable, applicable, I mean whenever the two forms exist exist. In many cases, of course, the most obvious example being personal names, equivalent language forms of a heading do not exist and the one language form of the heading which does exist can be used with a description in any language. This is a general qualification which should be understood to apply to all my statements about so-called "bilingual" or "equivalent" headings.) appiy To accomodate the presence of equivalent English and French forms of name headings in the same bibliographic record, a set of special equivalence fields (900-983) were defined in the Canadian MARC formats. In addition, another field (990) was defined to link the equivalent equivajent forms, and to identify the language of the equivalent heading. This Information information permits a user to choose the language he prefers. It is aiso also used in generating National Library products. When a bibliographic record is listed in Canadiana, the language of the name headings associated with that record is chosen to correspond to the language of the bibliographic description. Headings in the publication. Both language forms, other language do not appear in the entry in the publicátion. however, are distributed on CAN/MARC tapes so that users can select the form they prefer for local products. Again, the National Library card catalogue has requirements similar to those of any local institution using nationally created and distributed cataloguing* data. Only one language form of a heading is chosen as the form to be used in conjunction with bibliographic entries, and this language form is used regardless regardiess of the language of the description. A see-reference from the equivalent name heading is made to lead users to the form chosen for catalogue entries. The policy for name headings in the National Library card catalogue is fixed. (The French language form is chosen for Quebec headings, and headings of French-speaking countries, and the English language form is chosen in all other cases.) As a result, procjuct product 230 Digitalizado gentilmente por: ♦ �generation programs can select the appropriate language heading in a bibliographic record whenever catalogue cards are produced. (An example: A Canadian federal government publication with text in French will wili appear in the National Library card catalogue with description in French and name headings in English. The same description wilI will appear in Canadiana with name headings in French. Both the English and French headings wili will be distributed with the French description on the CAN/MARC tapes.) And that covers the handiing handling of bilingual name access points in the bibliographic format: English and French forms of name headings are stored in bibliographic records and are linked to each other. (I would like to emphasize at this point that I am describing how the elements in the CAN/MARC communication formats can be used by the libraries who receive machine-readable records distributed by the National Library; and I am using the National Library card catalogue requirements as an example of local library requirements. In an internal internai system, in which records are created for local use, different methods of choosing descriptions and headings can be used and within the National Library, methods different than.those I have described are in fact used.) And a final point related to National Library cataloguing policy, the standard followed by the Library for description and for choice and form of entry is the Anglo-American Cataloging Ruies Rules (AACR). For cataloguing in English, the English version is used; for cataloguing in French, the French version (the "version française") is used. The third area for discussion is: is; (iii) Subject headings The policy States states that when only one bibliographic description is prepared for a publication, subject headings are provided in both English and French. When two bibliographic records are created for a "bilingual" publication, French subject headings are provided for the French description, and English subject headings are provided for the English description. The standard followed for English subject headings is the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). The standard for French subject headings is the list created by the Université Lavai Laval in Quebec. These lists are being developed according to the same principles. principies. To accomodate the presence of equivalent English and French forms of subject headings in the same bibliographic record, there is a technique slightly different than the one used for name headings. Both language forms are recorded in subject heading fields (identified by tags 600-651), and a code (an indicator value) is used to indicate whether a heading is English or French. There is ho no explicit link between the headings. Again, however, the identification of the language, permits users to choose the form they desire. As far as the National Library products are concerned: Canadiana entries include English and French subject headings whenever they occur in a bibliographic record and both language forms are also aiso distributed on CAN/MARC tapes. (Remember that in the "bilingual records only headings in the language of the description occur".) 231 cm 2 3 Digitalizado gentiimente por: 4 gentilmente �And in the case of subject headings only, the policy for the National Library card catalogue is aiso also to use both language forms. For other users, however, a policy to accept only French or only English headings could be easily implemented by using the language indicator in the subject heading fields. (Using the same indicator and comparing it with the language of the publication code in fixed field 008, it would aIso also be possible to associate French headings with French publications, English headings with English headings etc.) And that covers the treatment of bilingual subject headings in the bibliographic bibUographic format: English and French forms are identified by language; both forms are stored in records for "unilingual" "unilingual” publications. Headings in the language of the description only are stored in records for "bilingual" publications. (Standard language Information information may exist in all CAN/MARC records: — Fixed field 008, character position 35-37 contains a code for the language of the publications. — Variable field 040 (Cataloguing Source) contains in subfield b an explicit code for the language used in the description. — Variable field 041 (Language Codes) indicates whether a work is multilingual, or a translation, and gives specific language codes in each case. (If a work is in a single language, this field is not used, as the language Information information is required only in field 008.) — Free text language notes may also aiso appear in CAN/MARC records.) 2. The Authority Subsystem The techniques I have described for storing equivalent name and subject headings in bibliographic records are still stili being used for the distribution of bibliographic data by the National Library. However, within the Library's automated system these techniques are being gradually superseded by the use of the authority subsystem which provides a different method of handiing handling bilingual access point data — for name and subject authority headings. Each machine-readable authority record in the National Library's system contains applicable. That is, whenever equivalent English English and French authority data, when appiicable. and French forms of a heading exist, they are stored together in one record identified by a unique record control number. The language of each heading is indicated by the MARC tag which identifies it. Tags with even numbers (2XX) indicate English or another non-Romance language; tags with uneven numbers (1XX) indicate French or another Romance language. If the headings in an authority record are not English or French, the languagefs) can be explicity identified by additional codes in the record (variable field 041, Language Codes). Notes in both languages can also aiso be included in the authority records, as well as references to related authority headings. Each pair of equivalent headings is stored in a separate record. 232 Digitalizado gentilmente por: �The authority subsystem is designed to be used by many libraries, for example in a shared cataloguing environment Each líbrary library using the authority subsystem can specify which headings it uses and which language form of those headings it prefers. This library-specific use information is aiso also stored in the authority record. As a result it is possible to generate authority products which reflect local library language requirements. This technique applies appiies also aIso to products which have different language requirements for authority headings. In this context, the National Library's national services. Services, Canadiana and the CAN/MARC tapes, are considered as one library or user, and the National Library card catalogue is considered a second library or user. These users have different policies for the use of name headings: Canadiana and CAN/MARC use English and French forms and make see-also references between them; the National Library card catalogue uses the English or the French form and makes a see-reference from the language form wich is not used to the language form wich is used. If, for example, the National Library card catalogue wants to use a French heading in bibliographic records, this language preference is recorded in the authority record which contains that French heading. When authority cards for the catalogue are produced, there wili will be a see-reference card from the English heading to the French heading. The English heading will wilI not be used with bibliographic entries for the National Library card catalogue. In an authority list for Canadiana, both headings will wili appear as being equally acceptable for use in a bibliographic record. The authority listing now offered on a subscription basis to Canadian libraries reflects that Canadiana use of headings. It is a bilingual list containing English and French headings with their associated notes and references. These English and French entries are interfiled. The list is offered as a base list with biweekly cumulating supplements; suppiements; the base list is re-cumulated quartely. A similar list containing additional control information is produced as an internai internal Library working tool. Because of the way headings are tagged according to their language, however, it is also very easy to generate lists in only one language. aiso In addition to permitting the generation of library-specific authority products, this language usage indicator is also aiso important when the authority subsystem interfaces, or interacts, with the bibliographic subsystem. I mentioned that in the National Library's automated system, the use of the authority subsystem is reducing the need to store equivalent data fields for names and subject headings in bibliographic records. Instead now, only the record control number of the authority record that contains the equivalent headings is stored in the bibliographic record. Then, when a bibliographic record is chosen for a National Library product, the product generation program can access the authority record, check the language usage recorded for the product being generated, and select the appropriate heading. This same capability would be available to other libraries using the system, in, for example, a network environment. 233 cm 2 3 Digitalizado 4 gentilmente por: LI 12 13 14 �IV. POTENTIAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES I have described descríbed the basíc basic bilingual data handiíng handling capabílities capabilities of the bibliographic and authoríty authority subsystems at the National Library of Canada; and I have described descríbed the bibliographic and authoríty authority products which are generated at present from those subsystems. I wili will now díscuss discuss briefly some future products or Services services which could be supported by these subsystems and in particular by the interface between them. First, authoríty authority products. Because of the bilingual content and content authority records, it is possible to generate listings containing English identification of authoríty and French headings, or English headings only, or French headings only. The present name list contains English and French headings; a planned subject heading list, to be Laval, wilI will probably be a list of French authoríty authority entries, co-published with the Université Lavai, with an English to French index. Many variations of this kind are possible for authority authoríty products. In addition to printed or microfiche products, such as the present list, authoríty authority records wili will be distributed in machine-readable form. Libraries receiving these records wili will be able abie to establish their own authority authoríty systems, Systems, and manipulate the bilingual data to suit their local requirements for authoríty authority and bibliographic products. Again, this service Service could be offered to libraries in English only, in French only, or in both langagues. A major enhancement to National Library Services services could, however, be in the area of the bibliographic services. Services. Libraries could request and receive bibliographic records containing headings in the language of their choíce, choice, when more than one language form of a heading existed in the authority authoríty file. This type of "customized" record Service service could apply to all the service options of the present MARC Records Distribution Service. And, appiy as more exchanges with other national record-creation agencies are established, the availability of different language forms of headings would increase and improve this avaílability service. Similarly with bibliographic description: descriptions in different languages may Service. be avaílable available as different agencies catalogue materials materiais in their own language. This is happening now in CONSER (CONversion of SERials), a cooperativa cooperative project to convert bibliographic records for serials: seriais: the Library of Congress catalogues in English a publication which the National Library of Canada catalogues in French. Both descriptions will be made available wili avaílable to Canadian Canadían libraries. handling capability of the bibliographic and authoríty authority subsystem The bilingual data handiing was designed with Services services other than just cataloguing support in mind. In particular, the techniques developed will wili be used in connection with the automation of the Canadian Canadían Union Catalogue (CANUC) which is used to provide a location and interlibrary loan service to Canadian Service Canadían libraries; and these techniques will wili aiso also contribute to the production of publícatíons publications such as union lísts. lists. I have already aiready referred briefly to the advantages of using usíng bilingual data handiing handling techniques in a shared cataloguing environment and will wili not go into these advantages in any more detail now. 234 Digitalizado gentilmente por: �V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION I have spent the past half hour or so describing the automated bibliographic and authority subsystems at the National Library of Canada: how they handle handie bilingual cataloguing data; how the techniques used are related to cataloguing policy; how the stored bilingual data is manipulated by programs to generate products which satisfy the language requirements of a bilingual library community; how further development of existing capabilities would permit the Library to totailor tailor products to an even greater extent in order to meet varying language needs in its products and Services. services. There are only a few basic basic. techniques for handling handiing bilingual or multilingual bibliographic data in an automated library system: separate but related records, identified by language; separate and related datafields data fields within the same record, again identified by language. There are a number of minor variations. Indications of how a library uses data in different languages can be part of the content of the (logical) record or can be handled handied by programs manipulating the record(s). The National Library uses a combination of these techniques; other libraries and library Systems systems do as well. In designing a system to handie handle bilingual or multilingual bibliographic data, the selection of which techniques to used and the decision on how or if to combine them can only be made within the context of a specific environment with specific requirements. Some of the main requirements to take into consideration are the following: (i) what types of products and Services services are to be offered; (ii) what kind of equipment and support is available for use; (iii) what levei level of sophistication is the system trying to achieve; (iv) what other Systems systems wili will the new system have to interface with? In today's international library environment, communicating with other libraries and systems is a necessity. Compatibility with them is therefore a major design constraint. The existing National Library system is a batch system. The Library is at present developing an integrated, on-line library management system, called DOBIS. This system was initially developed by the University of Dortmund in West Germany and it was acquired by the National Library in 1976. One of the major modifications being made to that system is the inclusion of bilingual data handling handiing capabilities equivalentto equivalent to or superior to those of the existing batch system. The final choice of the techniques to be used has not yet been made, but there is no need to use those which have been successfui successful in the batch system. It is quite likely that different techniques, more relevant to the data base design and to an on-line computing environment will wilI be chosen. This paper has presented a very general overview of the National Library system. For those of you who are interested in further detail, I have a list of related publications, and of course I would be very pleased to discuss the system in greater detail with any of you here at the conference. Thankyou. Thank you. 235 cm 2 3 Digitalizado 4 gentilmente por: l|llll|llll|llll|llll|llll|llll|lll LI 12 13 14 �Related Publications June 1977 systems of the National Library of Canada; past, present and future." "Automated Systems National Library News, 7 (March-April, May-June, 1975,) 3-21. Buchinski, Edwin J. "The Mini-MARC format: implementation of a concept." Paper given at the CACUL/CLA Technical Services Coordinating Group Joint Cataloguing Workshop, Toronto, June, 1975. Buchinski, Edwin J., William L. Newman, and Mary Joan Dunn. "The Automated Authority Subsystem at the National Library of Canada." Journal of Library Automation, 9 (December, 1976), 279-298. Buchinski, Edwin J., William L. Newman, and Mary Joan Dunn; "The National Library of Canada Authority Subsystem: \mp\\cat\ons." \mp\\caX.\ons." Journal of Library Automation, 10 (March, 1977), 28-40. Canadian Task Group on Cataloguing Standards. Cataloguing standards: the report of the Canadian Task Group on Cataloguing Standards. Ottawa, National Library of Canada. 1972. Canadian MARC: a report of the activities of the MARC Task Group resulting in a recommended Canadian MARC format for monographs and a Canadian MARC format for seriais. serials. Ottawa, National Library of Canada, 1972. Chappie, Sharon E., Canadian Experience with MARC. Paper presented to the IFLA I FLA Committee on Bibliography, at the 40th General Council Meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations, Washington D.C., November 16-23, 1974. Available from ERIC IR (EDI04438). (ED104438). "The Canadian MARC Tape Pilot Distribution Project: a progress report." in In Automation in Libraries, Canadian Association of College and University Libraries, Ottawa. 1975. "Developments in automation at the National Library of Canada." American Society for Information Science. Western Canada Chapter, Proceedings, Seventh Annual Meeting. September 24-26, 1975. p. 15-28. Dunn, Mary Joan, "Automation at the National Library of Canada: the Canad/arta/Cataloguing Subsystem." Canadian Library Journal, 33 (August, Canadiana/CaXa\ogp\ng 1976), 349-362. Forget, Louis J.S., "L'automatisation de Ia la Bibliographie nationale du Canada: Canadiana". Documentation et bibliothèques, 20 (décembre, 1974), 184-189. "L'automatisation de Ia la Bibliographie nationale du Canada: Canadiana. (2® pan\e)" Documentation et bibliothèques, 21 (mars, 1975), 23-25. parX\e)'' "Le MARC Canadien, 1970 à 1980." ln In Stage pratique en informatique documentaire. Montréal, Québec, 23-25 octobre 1974. Communications. Montréal, Corporation des bibliothécaires bibliothècaires professionnels du Quebéc, 1975. p. 12-49. 236 cm Digitalizado gentilmente por: �Forget, Louis J.S., and William L. Newman. "Evaluation of the DOBIS DOB IS System for use in Canada." To be published in the Journal of the Canadian Association for Information Science in 1977. "National Librarian's preliminary statement on the report of the Canadian Union Catalogue Task Group." National Library News, 9 (March-April, 1977), 3-18. Newman, William L, L., "Developments affecting the Canadian Union Catalogue," Canadian Library Journal, 32 (August, 1975), 313-323. "Mini-MARC; "Mini-MARC: concept and appiications." applications." \n Automation in Libraries. Canadian Association of College and University Libraries, Ottawa, 1975. Roy, Alain J.G. et Forget, Louis J.S., "Le format MARC canadien." Canadian." Montréal, ASTED, 1975. 48p. Schwartz, Abe. "The Canadian Union Catalogue in library and Information information network design." In Open Conference on Information Science in Canada / Conference publique sur les Sciences de I'lnformation Tlnformation au Canada. Proceedings / Comptes rendus. 3d/3e, 1975. p.13-18. "Summary of the federal government library survey report." National Library on Canada, October, 1974. 237 cm Digitalizado gentilmente por: LI 12 13 14 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CBBD - Edição: 09 - Ano: 1977 (Porto Alegre/RS) Subject The topic of the resource Biblioteconomia Documentação Ciência da Informação Description An account of the resource Inclui também os anais da V Jornada Sul-Rio-Grandense de Biblioteconomia e Documentação Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available FEBAB Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Language A language of the resource Português Type The nature or genre of the resource Evento Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Porto Alegre/RS Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The automated bilingual cataloguing support system at the national library of Canada Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dunn, Mary Joan Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available FEBAB Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Type The nature or genre of the resource Evento Subject The topic of the resource Bibliotecas (automação) Representação Descritiva Bilinguismo Description An account of the resource Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French, and the National Library of Canada, which is a federal government institution, offers products and services to both English and French users. In order to support many of these products and services, the Library has developed an automated system which is designed to handle bilingual cataloguing data. Language A language of the resource pt